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Back in the 1950s, mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing posed the existential question: “Can machines think?” Fast forward to today, AI is a reality, and the impact is being felt in every sector. At present, there exist more than 1.6 million AI-related scientific publications and patent applications filed for nearly 340,000 AI-related inventions. In this fast-growing space, the finance sector is being continually disrupted by advancements in AI technology.

The Rise of AI in the Finance Industry

The intersection of AI and finance has catalyzed innovations that have reshaped how financial institutions operate, make decisions, and create revenue. The spike in AI patents underscores this shift but also sparks debates on IP rights, ethics, and finance’s future.

Though financial innovation dates back to the Renaissance era with double-entry bookkeeping, AI integration in finance opens unprecedented avenues for efficiency, risk management, and personalized services.  

The surge in AI patents underscores a competitive rush among financial institutions, tech firms, and startups to secure IP rights and stay ahead. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), AI-related applications in finance grew by 43% annually between 2013 and 2018. 

Just in 2022, Bank of America set a new record by having 608 patents granted within just a year, a significant 19% rise over the preceding year. The institution boasts a portfolio of over 7000 patents to its name. In general, the financial industry saw firsthand exponential growth in AI-related patent filings led by the convergence of big data, cloud computing and machine learning (ML) algorithms.  

Leading financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America are actively investing in AI research and development. Fintech startups and technology giants are not behind either; Google, Amazon, and IBM are vying for a slice of the market, filing patents for AI-powered solutions regularly.

Recent Trends in Finance Patents

In India, numbers estimated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) saw a 31.6 per cent growth in patent applications in the year 2022; it takes the number to 55,718, and a large portion of these patents are related to the finance sector. A 2020 report by Accenture identified machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning as the top three technologies used in AI-related finance patents. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI), along with blockchain technology and financial fraud detection systems take center stage among recent trends in AI finance patents. JPMorgan’s much-talked-about patent System and Method for Algorithmic Trading Using Machine Learning has, for instance, described a system which uses ML to make investment decisions.  

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is also emergent among AI patents granted in the finance space. A perfect example would be the patent titled Method and System for Generating Personalized Financial Advice Using Natural Language Processing filed by Bank of America which describes a system for using NLP to generate curated financial advice. 

Applications of AI Patents in Finance

Mant patented technologies in banking and financial services are already seeing the light of the day across various financial or trading products or risk modeling and monitoring systems. These include: 

  • Sentiment Analysis uses data and statistics from the web to gauge user sentiment towards financial products or services. Such a system was outlined in the patent Method and System for Analyzing Customer Sentiment Using Social Media Data filed by Capital One.  
  • Risk management has seen major changes since the introduction of Generative Adversarial Networks. Goldman Sachs has filed a patent titled Method and System for Generating Synthetic Financial Instruments Using Generative Adversarial Networks that describes the use of these networks to generate synthetic financial instruments to improve market liquidity and manage risk. 
  • Credit risk management for loans is increasingly seeing many AI patents that are focused on techniques to build better and more robust risk models, determine the creditworthiness of an applicant and techniques to reduce bias in the modeling process 
  • Fraud detection, too, benefits from AI patents that use Predictive Analysis and Machine Learning. A patent titled System and Method for Detecting Fraudulent Transactions Using Machine Learning, filed by PayPal, helps in identifying anomalies in transaction patterns to detect fraudulent activity in real time.  
  • AI powered chatbots are helping reduce the workload on the back-offices that support various financial service products. Innovations around AI powered chatbots allow for doing enhanced activities such as assisting with account opening, upselling of related products and helping redirect user queries to the right department. 
  • Data-driven decision-making is key to the success of financial companies or their products. Many AI patents focusing on the use of AI to ingest greater data points or to extract new types of data points or complex linkages from unstructured datasets are being filed. 

Is it all so Great?

With the filing of AI patents, challenges, too, have emerged. On one hand, we have patents incentivizing R&D efforts and incubating technical breakthroughs. On the other hand, we see a concentration of patents in the grip of dominant players such as JP Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America and Citigroup; such a condition limits market entry for startups and inevitably raises barriers to innovation diffusion.  

Ultimately, regulators face the daunting task of balancing innovation incentives with the need to safeguard IP rights, promote competition and mitigate systemic risks in the AI-driven finance industry.  

Conclusion

The patents of today will shape the global economy of tomorrow. Ever since AI came into existence in the 1950s, AI-powered innovation has been constant in the finance space. In the 21st century, we are moving towards intelligent financial systems capable of natural speech, and world-class predictive capabilities; we also expect security to be hardened by leveraging AI as the threat of cyberattacks looms around. From ledgers to algorithms, financial systems have come a long way, and with the power of AI, it has received a technological push that will revolutionize finance.  

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