There have been several notable case studies around TK clashing with the existing IPR frameworks. Here are some of the popular case studies: 

Turmeric Patent Case 

In the mid-1990s, the US Patent and Trademark Office granted a patent for how to use turmeric in wound healing, a well-known procedure in India for a long time. Indian scientists protested the patent and provided proof of turmeric’s long-standing usage. The patent was later cancelled, highlighting TK documentation’s significance in preventing misuse. 

Hoodia Plant Case 

In southern Africa, the San people have been using the hoodia plant for many generations because of its appetite suppression abilities. A South African research organization patented this method of use, and the San people were not initially acknowledged or paid. However, following negotiation and legal action, the benefit-sharing agreement was signed, highlighting the significance of fair arrangements protecting and rewarding holders of TK. 

Community-Led Initiatives 

In Australia, the Yolngu community’s decision to document their ancestral knowledge of native plants used for medicinal purposes is an excellent example of community-driven TK protection. By creating a database, they managed to shield their knowledge from being exploited and ensure they share the benefits of all commercial uses.